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20 Common Pregnancy Questions & Answers
   
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1. How much weight should I expect to gain during pregnancy?
Most women with a normal body mass index gain 25 to 35 pounds
during pregnancy. Women who are obese are advised to gain less
weight. On the other hand, women who are underweight may gain up
to 40 pounds. Women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy
should see a dietitian. (click here to determine your bmi). 2.
When do I first need to see a doctor? A first prenatal visit
should take place within the first trimester. If a woman is
uncertain about the date of her last menstrual period, it is
especially important to schedule an ultrasound appointment to
accurately determine gestational dates. At the first doctor
visit, a comprehensive medical history will be taken to assess
any obstetrical risks and special medical needs of a patient.
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includes ABO and Rh blood typing, screening for anemia, immunity
to rubella, and testing for viral hepatitis and HIV. A pelvic
exam, pap smear, chlamydia and gonorrhea test is also usually
performed at the first visit. Urinalysis, blood pressure and
weight checks, fundal height measurement and fetal heart
auscultation are performed routinely at each office visit. 3.
Should I seek care from a midwife or doctor? This is a personal
decision. Typically, complicated pregnancies (i.e., women who
have certain medical conditions, smoke, have a history of
miscarriages, past c-section, or have other risk factors for a
complicated pregnancy) require the care of a physician. Midwives
are an option for normal, uncomplicated pregnancies that do not
require advanced care. Either way, a woman should seek routine
prenatal care by a qualified health care provider. 4. Can I
consume caffeine during pregnancy? Caffeine in moderate amounts
is probably safe in pregnancy. 5. Can I use artificial
sweeteners? Saccharin containing products should be avoided
during pregnancy. Saccharin can cross the placenta and enter the
fetal tissue. 6. Why have I been told to avoid cats during
pregnancy? Cats can carry bacteria called Toxoplasma, which can
be harmful to the developing fetus. Women should avoid changing
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feces. You should discuss with your health care provider
specific precautions that you need to take to avoid infection
caused by Toxoplasma. Poorly cooked meats, seafood and
unpasteurized milk can also be contaminated with Toxoplasma. 7.
What is gestational diabetes? Some women develop diabetes during
pregnancy. Most of the time, it will resolve after pregnancy.
However, these women are at a higher risk of developing diabetes
in later life. 8. How do I know if I have gestational diabetes?
Late in the second trimester, a one hour glucola test is
performed. If this is number is elevated, a women will undergo
another test called a three hour glucose tolerance test. A woman
should discuss her risks of developing gestational diabetes and
this test with her health care provider. 9. Are there any foods
that I should avoid during pregnancy? Canned tuna fish and
farmed salmon should be eaten in moderation. Tuna steaks,
swordfish, shark and king mackerel should be avoided because
they can contain high levels of mercury, which can harm the
fetus. Raw fish and shellfish should be avoided because they can
be infected with parasites and Norwalk-like viruses. 10. Is
aspirin safe to use in pregnancy? Aspirin is not safe to use
during pregnancy. Aspirin is a class D medication meaning that
it may cause harm to the fetus. 11. Is air travel safe during
pregnancy? Air travel is thought to be safe until about 8 months
of gestation. Pregnancy is a hypercoaguable state, which means
that women who are pregnant are at a greater risk of developing
blood clots. For this reason, pregnant women should take stretch
breaks each hour when driving on long trips or flights. 12. Are
over the counter cold medications safe to take in pregnancy?
Many over the counter medications are not safe to use in
pregnancy. Pregnant women should consult their health care
provider before trying any over the counter medication. 13. Can
I use hair dye? It is generally recommended to avoid hair dye
during the first trimester. 14. Can I work during pregnancy?
Work limitations are unique to the individual and her job. Many
healthy women choose to work throughout their entire pregnancy,
until the moment they go into labor. A woman should discuss her
specific work limitations and special medical needs with her
health care provider. General work restrictions include
avoidance of heavy lifting, exposure to chemicals, prolonged
standing and extremes of temperatures. 15. What birth defects
are screened for in prenatal care? An ultrasound can assess
abnormalities of the spinal cord and organs like the heart and
kidneys. There are blood tests available to screen for neural
tube defects and chromosomal disorders (like Down Syndrome).
Women who are at an increased risk for chromosomal disorders may
be offered amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Remember,
that no test can guarantee that a baby will be born in perfect
health. It is important that women who have a family history of
congenital diseases disclose this information to their physician
so that special care can be given to this matter. 16. Can I
continue to have sex while I'm pregnant? Yes. However, if a
woman has had vaginal bleeding, history of miscarriages, or
other special situations, she may be advised to abstain from sex
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protect her self from sexually transmitted diseases. Some
sexually transmitted disease can cause birth defects in the
developing fetus. 17. Can I have an occasional glass of wine
during pregnancy? It is recommended to avoid all alcoholic
containing beverages, tobacco use and drug use throughout
pregnancy. 18. What if I get chicken pox during pregnancy? A
woman who has not developed immunity to chicken pox infection
(caused by the varicella virus) should consider becoming
vaccinated before pregnancy. It is generally advised that she
then wait one month before becoming pregnant after receiving the
vaccine. If a woman develops chicken pox during the first
trimester or early second trimester of her pregnancy, her fetus
is at risk of developing the congenital varicella syndrome. The
risk of developing this syndrome is estimated to be 0.4% for
infection during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and 2.0% for
infection occurring 13-20 weeks of pregnancy. 19. How can I
figure out my due date by using my last menstrual period? Go to
www.askmd.org and click on the box on the left hand side named
'health calculators.' Browse the pregnancy calculators. 20. Can
I exercise during pregnancy? Yes, pregnant women should strive
for 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day. Many women may
need to modify their exercise routines to avoid uncomfortable
positions and overheating. It is necessary to drink sufficient
amounts of water to avoid dehydration
About the author:
Dr. Bunke is a Resident Physician in Family Medicine. She is
also the Health Content Editor at www.askmd.org, a comprehensive
medical web site that offers free medical resources including
health calculators, daily health news, medical term and
abbreviation search, health information and more. AskMD.org is
popular for its free 'ask a doctor' feature.